One of the problems of women during pregnancy (menarche to menopause) is vaginal infection, which occurs with changes in vaginal secretions (leucorrhea). These changes can be caused by inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis), inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis) and foreign bodies. and allergies caused by chemical irritants.
Vaginitis is divided into two general categories: infectious and atrophic, and the most common causes of infectious vaginitis are caused by Candida-Trichomonas and Gardenella.
1- Candida albicans is responsible for 85-90% of vaginal infections.
Its predisposing factors include: pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, diets containing sugar and sugar, use of corticosteroids, OCPs (oral contraceptives), antibiotics and disabled people in bed. (All the mentioned cases lead to disruption of normal vaginal flora)
The main complaint of the patient in vaginal infection:
- Severe itching of the genital area, erythema, edema, dysuria (burning urine).
- The symptoms are more intense before menstruation and are in the form of dry, white, cheesy secretions.
- The infection is more resistant in pregnancy, in Candida the vaginal pH is >4.5 and normal.
- Candida is the main cause of genital itching.
Trichomonas vaginalis:
Trichomonas is an anaerobic flagellate parasite that exists only as a trophozoite and can be transmitted through sexual contact, and in addition to the vagina, it affects the lower urinary tract in women and men. Therefore, purulent, foamy white to greenish-yellow secretions, and in severe cases, unpleasant swelling of the vagina is observed.
Dysuria (pain during intercourse), vague pain in the lower abdomen, labiaminor edema and tenderness, and urinary symptoms, especially dysuria, are seen. Trichomonas tends to worsen after menstruation and during pregnancy. Vaginal pH is more than 5. Trichomonas in More severe cases can lead to epileptic changes in the cervix and vagina and can be interpreted as dysplasia in Pap smear.
Since trachomonas is the causative agent of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), infected women should be examined for Neisseria gonorrhoea (gonorrhea), chlamydia, syphilis and HIV.
Read more: Chlorhexidine Overview
Gardenella:
Gardenelli’s vaginitis is caused by a change in the normal flora of the vagina, which leads to the loss of lactobacilli that produce hydrogen peroxide and the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria are usually around 1% in the normal flora of the vagina, while Women with Gardenella vaginitis and Mycoplasma hominis increase up to 1000 times.
Frequent alkalinization of the vaginal environment in women in the first years of life who have frequent sexual intercourse causes the destruction of lactobacilli as a result of the recurrence of the common disease. In girls, before menarche and women after menopause due to the occurrence of alkaline Ph, vaginal infection. It is common.
Few, foul-smelling discharges (smell of rotten fish) are gray in color, which is not irritating and increases after sexual intercourse. There is no erythema and inflammation, and the pH of the vagina is about 5-5. Gardenella infections cause PROM (premature rupture). fetal membranes), premature birth, chorioaminitis, endometritis, PID (pelvic inflammation).
cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix)
The most common cause of cervicitis is chlamydia trichomatis. Other causes include:
Gonococci (Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the cause of gonorrhea), Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida, Group B streptococcus and Garnella vaginalis.
Acute cervicitis:
The first symptom in acute cervicitis is pathogenic secretions. SPOTTING (spotting and bleeding after intercourse), dysuria (pain during intercourse) and burning in the genital area are other symptoms. On examination, the cervix is inflamed, red, fragile with yellowish-white secretions. (Cervicitis caused by gonococcus and chlamydia becomes Salpingitis (inflammation and infection of fallopian tubes) and PID (pelvic inflammation).
Chronic cervicitis:
In chronic cervicitis, cervical tenderness is seen during close examination and Eversion (granular and velvety redness or spotty erythema around the cervical outlet), nabothine cysts from the endocervical glands) and pain in the lower abdomen or back.
Complications of Cervicitis, PID, Cervical Stenosis, Infertility, Chronic UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
Read more: What is septibody?
Viral service of vaginal infection
In viral servicitis, there are two agents, Herpes simplex virus and human papilloma. HSV types I and II cause genital herpes, which is mainly caused by HSV type II. The infection starts as numerous painful vesicles in an erythematous background and quickly increases and becomes all-encompassing and causes large ulcers.
Cervical involvement occurs in 80% of primary infections, which is in the form of vesicles, wounds and fungal lesions that have the manifestations of invasive carcinoma and cannot be distinguished. The symptoms of viral cervicitis are the same as other cervicitis, including fever, generalized pain, and fatigue.
The most common viral infection of the cervix (HPV) is with classic exophilic WART, which is rarely found in the cervix. It manifests with cervical neoplasia (cervical condyloma). (HPV) is important because it can lead to precancerous lesions.
In cervicitis, if the patient has spotting (spotting and bleeding after intercourse), a pap smear test should be requested and cervical neoplasia should be investigated.
Types of (HPV) vaginal infection
More than 100 types of HPV have been identified, of which about 40 types cause genital tract infections. Of these, only two types 16 and 18 are responsible for more than 70% of cervical cancers. Types 31, 33, 45,52, 58 are all responsible
15% is cervical cancer and 2 types 6 and 11 are not carcinogenic and only manifest as WART.
Since HPV is one of the sexually transmitted infections (STD) that is usually associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection, identifying and treating vaginal infections in women is very important.
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